1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Energy 2
1.3 Environmental Pollution: Global Warming Problem 3
1.4 Impact of Power Electronics on Energy Systems 8
1.5 Smart Grid 20
1.6 Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicles 21
1.7 Conclusion and Future Prognosis 23
References 25
2 Challenges of the Current Energy Scenario: The Power Electronics
Contribution 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Energy Transmission and Distribution Systems 28
2.3 Renewable Energy Systems 34
2.4 Transportation Systems 41
2.5 Energy Storage Systems 42
2.6 Conclusions 47
References 47
3 An Overview on Distributed Generation and Smart Grid Concepts and
Technologies 50
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Requirements of Distributed Generation Systems and Smart Grids
51
3.3 Photovoltaic Generators 52
3.4 Wind and Mini-hydro Generators 55
3.5 Energy Storage Systems 56
3.6 Electric Vehicles 57
3.7 Microgrids 57
3.8 Smart Grid Issues 59
3.9 Active Management of Distribution Networks 60
3.10 Communication Systems in Smart Grids 61
3.11 Advanced Metering Infrastructure and Real-Time Pricing 62
3.12 Standards for Smart Grids 63
References 65
4 Recent Advances in Power Semiconductor Technology 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Silicon Power Transistors 70
4.3 Overview of SiC Transistor Designs 75
4.4 Gate and Base Drivers for SiC Devices 80
4.5 Parallel Connection of Transistors 89
4.6 Overview of Applications 97
4.7 Gallium Nitride Transistors 100
4.8 Summary 102
References 102
5 AC-Link Universal Power Converters: A New Class of Power Converters
for Renewable Energy and Transportation 107
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 Hard Switching ac-Link Universal Power Converter 108
5.3 Soft Switching ac-Link Universal Power Converter 112
5.4 Principle of Operation of the Soft Switching ac-Link Universal Power
Converter 113
5.5 Design Procedure 122
5.6 Analysis 123
5.7 Applications 126
5.8 Summary 133
Acknowledgment 133
References 133
6 High Power Electronics: Key Technology forWind Turbines 136
6.1 Introduction 136
6.2 Development of Wind Power Generation 137
6.3 Wind Power Conversion 138
6.4 Power Converters for Wind Turbines 143
6.5 Power Semiconductors for Wind Power Converter 149
6.6 Controls and Grid Requirements for Modern Wind Turbines 150
6.7 Emerging Reliability Issues for Wind Power System 155
6.8 Conclusion 156
References 156
7 Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Systems 160
7.1 Introduction 160
7.2 Power Curves and Maximum Power Point of PV Systems 162
7.3 Grid-Connected PV System Configurations 165
7.4 Control of Grid-Connected PV Systems 181
7.5 Recent Developments in Multilevel Inverter-Based PV Systems 192
7.6 Summary 195
References 195
8 Controllability Analysis of Renewable Energy Systems 199
8.1 Introduction 199
8.2 Zero Dynamics of the Nonlinear System 201
8.3 Controllability of Wind Turbine Connected through L Filter to the
Grid 202
8.4 Controllability of Wind Turbine Connected through LCL Filter to the
Grid 208
8.5 Controllability and Stability Analysis of PV System Connected to
Current Source Inverter 219
8.6 Conclusions 228
References 229
9 Universal Operation of Small/Medium-Sized Renewable Energy Systems
231
9.1 Distributed Power Generation Systems 231
9.2 Control of Power Converters for Grid-Interactive Distributed Power
Generation Systems 243
9.3 Ancillary Feature 259
9.4 Summary 267
References 268
10 Properties and Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Machine 270
10.1 Introduction. Basic principles of DFIM 270
10.2 Vector Control of DFIM Using an AC/DC/AC Converter 280
10.3 DFIM-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems 305
References 317
11 AC–DC–AC Converters for Distributed Power Generation Systems 319
11.1 Introduction 319
11.2 Pulse-Width Modulation for AC–DC–AC Topologies 328
11.3 DC-Link Capacitors Voltage Balancing in Diode-Clamped Converter
334
11.4 Control Algorithms for AC–DC–AC Converters 345
11.5 AC–DC–AC Converter with Active Power Feed Forward 356
11.6 Summary and Conclusions 361
References 362
12 Power Electronics for More Electric Aircraft 365
12.1 Introduction 365
12.2 More Electric Aircraft 367
12.3 More Electric Engine (MEE) 372
12.4 Electric Power Generation Strategies 374
12.5 Power Electronics and Power Conversion 378
12.6 Power Distribution 381
12.7 Conclusions 384
References 385
13 Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles 387
13.1 Introduction 387
13.2 Electric, Hybrid Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Topologies 388
13.3 EV and PHEV Charging Infrastructures 392
13.4 Power Electronics for EV and PHEV Charging Infrastructure 404
13.5 Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Concepts 407
13.6 Power Electronics for PEV Charging 410
References 419
14 Multilevel Converter/Inverter Topologies and Applications 422
14.1 Introduction 422
14.2 Fundamentals of Multilevel Converters/Inverters 423
14.3 Cascaded Multilevel Inverters and Their Applications 432
14.4 Emerging Applications and Discussions 444
14.5 Summary 459
Acknowledgment 461
References 461
15 Multiphase Matrix Converter Topologies and Control 463
15.1 Introduction 463
15.2 Three-Phase Input with Five-Phase Output Matrix Converter 464
15.3 Simulation and Experimental Results 484
15.4 Matrix Converter with Five-Phase Input and Three-Phase Output
488
15.5 Sample Results 499
Acknowledgment 501
References 501
16 Boost Pre regulators for Power Factor Correction in Single-Phase
Rectifiers 503
16.1 Introduction 503
16.2 Basic Boost PFC 504
16.3 Half-Bridge Asymmetric Boost PFC 511
16.4 Interleaved Dual-Boost PFC 519
16.5 Conclusion 528
References 529
Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Systems
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