Hydraulic and Electric-Hydraulic Control Systems

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Hydraulic and Electric-Hydraulic Control Systems

Introduction

Hydraulic and Electric-Hydraulic Control Systems


    Force and motion control systems of varying degrees of sophistication have shaped the lives of all individuals living in industrialized countries all over the world, and together with communication technology are largely responsible for the high standard of living prevalent in many communities. The brains of the vast majority of current control systems are electronic, in the shape of computers, microprocessors or programmable logic controllers (PLC), the nerves are provided by sensors, mainly electromechanical transducers, and the muscle comprises the drive system, in most cases either electric, pneumatic or hydraulic.

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    The factors governing the choice of the most suitable drive are the nature of the application, the performance specification, size, weight, environmental and safety constraints, with higher power levels favoring hydraulic drives. Past experience, especially in the machine tool sector, has clearly shown that, in the face of competition from electric drives, it is difficult to make a convincing case for hydraulic drives at the bottom end of the power range, specifically at fractional horsepower level. A further, and frequently overriding factor in the choice of drive is the familiarity of the system designer with a particular discipline, which can inhibit the selection of the optimum and most cost-effective solution for a given application

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Table of contents

I Introduction

2 Hydraulic Power Source

3 Working Pressures

4 Hydraulic Actuators

5 Control Elements

5.I Pressure Controls

5.2 Flow Controls

6 Data Transmission Elements

7 The Control System

7.I The Controller

7.2 The Closed Loop Option

8 Control Concepts

8.I Definition of Terms

8.1.1 Stability

8.1.2 Transfer Function

8.1.3 Steady-State Gain

8.1.4 Loop Gain

8.1.5 Frequency Response

8.1.6 Stability Criteria

9 Principles of Flow Control for Valve-Operated Systems: Part I

I 0 Principles of Flow Control for Valve-Operated Systems: Part2

I 0.1 Effect of Quiescent Leakage on Linearity

I1 Introduction to System Analysis

12 System Analysis of Electro-hydraulic Control System

13 Modular Optimized System Simulation

14 System Analysis in the Time Domain

15 Transient Response Characteristics

16 Further Case Studies

16.1 Third Order System with Flow Feedback

16.2 Fourth Order Hydrostatic Transmission

16.3 Fifth Order System

16.4 Seventh Order System with Flow Feedback

17 Non-symmetrical Systems

17.1 Oil Compliance

17.2 Cavitation Effects of Overrunning Loads

17.3 Worked Example

18 Response to Large Step Demand

19 Valve Operating Forces

19 .I Spool Valves

19.2 Flapper-Nozzle Valves

19.3 Poppet Valves

20 The Electronic Interface

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